The טור, in 204:1, writes the following:
וכתב הרמב”× ×–”ל ×בל ×× ×”×™×” לו חוב עליו ו×מר לו מכור לי בחוב שיש לי ×צלך ×•× ×ª×¨×¦×” המוכר הרי ×–×” כמי ×©× ×•×ª×Ÿ ×“×ž×™× ×¢×ª×” והחוזר בו עומד במי שפרע. ובקרקע ×›×™ ×”××™ ×’×•×•× × ×§×•× ×” לגמרי. ×בל ××“×•× ×™ ×בי הרהש ×–”ל כתב ×©×œ× ×§× ×” ×פילו המעות עדיין בעין ביד הלוה דמלוה להוצ××” × ×™×ª× ×” ו××™× ×• × ×•×ª×Ÿ לו עתה כלו×: ×בל ×× ×מר לו ×™×§× ×” לי שדה שלך ×‘×”× ×ת מחילת המלוה ×§× ×”.
The case is as follows: Reuven owes Shimon $100. Reuven wants to buy an item from Shimon (let’s say we’re talking about rest estate, which can be bought with כסף). Instead of having Shimon repay his debt to Reuven, and then have Reuven turn around and pay money to Shimon, they want the payment to come in the form of the forgiving of the debt. The רהש writes that this does not work. However, one can acquire an item by “giving” the enjoyment that the cancellation of the debt brings.
We raised two questions on this during seder:
1. The טור quotes the רהש as extending the דין to an extension of the loan as well:
ו×פילו ×œ× ×ž×—×œ לו כולה ××œ× ×”×¨×•×™×— לו הזמן כגון שהגיע ×–×ž× ×• לפרוע והרויח לו הזמן ו×מר לו ×™×§× ×” לי שדה שלך ×‘×”×”×™× ×”× ××” שהרוחתי לך ×§× ×”.
However, the case he picks seems strangely limited. In his case, if the loan is due, then an extension is also considered to provide sufficient ×”× ××” to effect a ×§× ×™×™×Ÿ. What about the (seemingly) less obvious case of a loan that’s not yet due. Does extending the date from next week to two weeks count as sufficient ×”× ××” to allow the ×§× ×™×™×Ÿ to take place?
2. R’ Doron asked why this is not considered ריבית? In effect, Shimon is giving Reuven a field in exchange for a loan (or a lengthening of an existing loan). Why should this not be prohibited according to the הלכות forbidding the lending of money with any form of interest?
2 responses to “Kinyan Hanaah”
I spoke to the Rav tonight about both issues.
1. Yes. Given that the ×”× ××” only needs to be a penny’s worth, any extension should fit this criteria.
2. The money of the ×”× ××” is deducted from the eventual purchase price. Thus, there’s no real problem of ריבית here.
Kol Hakavod